On World Mental Health Day, observed on October 10th, the World Health Organization launched a campaign to raise awareness about mental health as a universal human right. The principle of human rights applies to all individuals, regardless of nationality, gender, ethnicity, religion, language, or any other status. As policymakers, it is our duty to ensure that mental health, defined as the state of mental well-being that enables people to cope with life’s challenges, realize their potential, learn and work effectively, and contribute to their communities, is accessible, affordable, and universally available.
However, the current situation in Europe falls far short of this ideal, with over 150 million people living with mental health conditions. Worldwide, more than half of those suffering from such conditions go undiagnosed or lack access to timely and appropriate treatment. In the European Union, this treatment gap has an economic cost amounting to over 4% of gross domestic product (€600 billion per year), with significant consequences.
A Unique Experience for Each Individual
A closer look at the disaggregated data reveals that certain vulnerable groups face additional challenges that must be addressed independently. Many characteristics that contribute to one’s identity add layers to the personal experience of mental health, forming unique “intersectional” combinations that vary for each individual.
This is the central message of the mental health report prepared for the sub-committee on public health of the European Parliament, which is scheduled for a vote by the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety Committee. Mental health should be a priority for everyone, as any person at any point in their life can experience poorer mental health.
The concept of intersectionality allows us to understand vulnerability as a result of social stratification, where individuals are marginalized based on socio-demographic factors, compromising their access to mental health services. To ensure mental health and well-being for the entire population, systemic inequalities in society must be addressed. A “mental health in all policies” approach is the best way to address these inequalities, involving various sectors in working together to achieve an ideal state of well-being.
For example, the gender pay gap in the EU, which averages 13%, can be improved through the implementation of the “equal pay for equal work” directive adopted earlier this year. This not only benefits women’s financial status but also enhances their ability to prioritize their mental health and well-being.
Intersectoral collaboration is essential since individuals have complex needs, and policies often transcend one sector. This is especially crucial when considering the social determinants of mental health, as the conditions in which people live and work significantly influence their health outcomes. Focused policies and programs are needed in education, workers’ rights, justice, transportation, the environment, housing, and welfare to prevent mental health conditions and promote health and well-being.
Protecting Vulnerable Groups
Children, adolescents, and young people are recognized as a vulnerable group, facing daily challenges due to global threats, including the pandemic, energy crisis, war and conflict, economic instability, climate change, and pollution. They require a holistic perspective, highlighting protective factors such as physical activity, play, and the role of schools and youth organizations in preventing and early detecting mental health conditions. The report recommends policies to strengthen child and adolescent services.
Once again, a “mental health in all policies” approach is beneficial, as educational policies can play a crucial role in helping the next generation recognize adversities and develop coping strategies to protect their mental health. Evidence-based parenting programs can promote responsive caregiving and child development, fostering positive relationships and supporting the mental health of parents and caregivers, all of which are determinants of good mental health throughout life.
The Stigma Surrounding Mental Health
Stigmatization of mental illness, combined with the inhibition of sufferers seeking help, further exacerbates the problem. At the European level, the involvement of communities, public figures, politicians, public institutions, governments, and citizens in challenging the stigma associated with mental health conditions is critical. The lived experiences of those affected by stigma should be included in all stages of policy-making.
