Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated mental health issues globally, particularly for vulnerable populations such as female entertainment workers (FEWs) in Cambodia. This group, already affected by pre-existing inequalities, faced significant challenges due to the disruption of their livelihoods during the pandemic. Factors such as poverty, occupational stressors, and the pandemic’s unique pressures further heightened their risk of mental health problems. This study aims to identify COVID-19-related factors adversely impacting the mental well-being of FEWs in Cambodia and to explore potential interventions to address these challenges.
Methods
In December 2021, a two-day workshop was conducted in Phnom Penh, utilizing a group model-building approach to gather insights from stakeholders from various backgrounds. The qualitative system dynamics method of causal loop diagram mapping was employed to visualize the interrelated factors affecting FEWs’ mental health. Participants shared their perceptions and experiences, leading to the construction of a causal loop diagram that offered a comprehensive systems perspective.
Results
The workshop engaged 27 stakeholders, including representatives from:
- National institutions (n=3)
- Local NGOs (n=17)
- An international NGO (n=1)
- The FEW community (n=6)
The analysis revealed 13 feedback loops that highlighted key factors influencing the mental well-being of FEWs during the pandemic. Key factors identified included:
- Loss of family members
- Financial instability
- Fear of COVID-19 infection
- Pressure from children’s homeschooling due to school closures
- Food insecurity
In response to these findings, stakeholders proposed several interventions, including:
- Alternative vocational training to provide new employment opportunities
- Increased awareness of mental health issues to destigmatize seeking help
- Access to mental health services to ensure timely support
- Programs targeting gender-based violence within FEW communities
Conclusions
Addressing the mental health challenges faced by FEWs in Cambodia requires a collaborative, multi-sectoral approach. The establishment of accessible, affordable, and high-quality mental health services is crucial, alongside the implementation of targeted interventions tailored to the specific needs of this population. By prioritizing these efforts, it is possible to mitigate the negative mental health impacts of the pandemic and enhance the overall well-being of female entertainment workers in Cambodia.
This study underscores the importance of collective action and the integration of various stakeholders to create effective solutions that support vulnerable communities during times of crisis.
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