Mental health is becoming as crucial as physical health, especially for children and adolescents. In 2021, the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics (SBP) addressed this issue for the first time in its Pediatrics Treaty, which provides guidance to doctors caring for young patients. That same year, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), in partnership with Gallup, released the State of the World’s Children 2021 report, highlighting mental health as a priority.
UNICEF’s findings raise alarming statistics: one in seven children and young people aged 10 to 19 globally live with a diagnosed mental disorder. Additionally, around 46 adolescents die by suicide every day, making it one of the leading causes of death in this age group. Common mental health issues among children and adolescents include depression, anxiety, ADHD, substance use disorders, and conduct disorders.
Psychologist Jefferson Silva Krug, also a professor at PUCRS, emphasizes that signs such as tantrums and lack of attention should be seen as expressions of emotional distress. These behaviors may indicate that a child’s emotional needs require attention for proper evaluation and support. Emotional support from parents is crucial for early diagnosis.
“Many parents struggle without guidance, misinterpreting their child’s emotional signs. This can lead to improper care, which may worsen their emotional and relational well-being,” Krug explained.
Recognizing the signs of mental distress in children is essential. Younger children may not be able to verbalize their struggles, so changes in behavior, mood swings, concentration difficulties, and physical symptoms such as unexplained weight changes or excessive fear should be monitored. In adolescents, excessive use of alcohol and drugs and social withdrawal are key warning signs.
While the rise in diagnoses of mental health conditions in children can be concerning, Krug stresses the importance of providing appropriate support to help children and adolescents cope with these issues. Parents should avoid stigmatizing mental health conditions and focus on open communication, ensuring children feel supported in seeking help.
Parents need to be educated on how to care for their children’s mental health by encouraging family discussions and providing access to professional help like therapy. Clarifying the benefits of psychotherapy can assist in the emotional development of both the child and the family.
In addition to professional care, several preventive measures can reduce mental health risks. The Brazilian Psychiatric Association (ABP) and Albert Einstein Hospital recommend fostering strong family relationships, maintaining open communication, engaging in enjoyable activities like reading or attending movies, and establishing routines. Good nutrition, sufficient sleep, and regular physical exercise also play vital roles.
The ABP and Albert Einstein also stress that regular doctor visits and emotional management training are crucial for children and adolescents.
Finally, Krug advises that the most important step is for parents and guardians to actively listen to their children and adolescents, providing the emotional support they need to thrive.
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