Spending time in nature—through gardening, farming, or mindfulness—can significantly improve mental health in just 12 weeks, according to new findings from a UK government-backed program.
The study, conducted in Humber and North Yorkshire, is part of a national test of “green social prescribing,” where healthcare professionals refer patients to outdoor, nature-based activities to support mental well-being.
Over 220 people with mild to moderate mental health challenges took part in weekly activities such as horticulture, care farming, outdoor crafts, exercise, and mindfulness. Their mental health was assessed using established tools before and after the program.
Participants who engaged for longer periods—between nine and 12 weeks—saw the greatest improvements. Those involved in hands-on activities like gardening and farming reported better mood and reduced anxiety, showing results comparable to short-term cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).
Shorter participation (one to four weeks) and less immersive activities like creative sessions or general exercise also led to positive outcomes, though to a lesser degree.
Professor Peter Coventry from the University of York, who co-led the research, said the key was not just being in nature, but actively connecting with it. “Shared, meaningful experiences in natural settings, especially with others from your community, can reduce feelings of loneliness and lift mood,” he said.
The program saw positive results in people ranging from 18 to 85 years old, and across genders. Notably, 65% of participants were from low-income backgrounds, highlighting the potential of green prescribing to support underserved communities.
Trish Darcy, a research associate involved in the study, emphasized the need for more investment. “Nature-based interventions won’t suit everyone, but they should be an option—one that’s accessible through trained social prescribers and supported by community organizations,” she said.
The results support a growing movement toward community-centered healthcare. Dr. Hannah Armitt, clinical lead for the project, said the findings show how connecting local healthcare services with nature-based providers can expand mental health support in a cost-effective and impactful way.
Anthony Hurd, who manages the green prescribing program, added: “This research confirms that community-based organizations are vital to the future of healthcare. As we focus more on prevention and early support, we must recognize and properly fund these groups.”
The evaluation, published in Health & Social Care in the Community, was conducted in partnership with the HEY Smile Foundation and NHS Humber and North Yorkshire Integrated Care Board. It is part of a wider cross-government project led by DEFRA and supported by several national agencies.
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